![]() University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. The influence of seed predation and plant competition on tree species abundances in two adjacent tropical rain forests. Avian dispersal of “mimetic seeds” of Ormosia lignivalvis by terrestrial granivores: Deception or mutualism? Oikos 75:249–258. Seed dispersal, spatial distribution and population structure of Brazilnut trees ( Bertholletia excelsa) in southeastern Amazonia. (+)-13α-4′-Hydroxytigloyloxy lupanine from Ormosia krugii. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo. Composição florística, estrutura e fenologia de uma floresta residual do planalto paulista: Bosque dos Jequitibás (Campinas). Editora Plantarum Ltda., Nova Odessa., São Paulo. árvores Brasileiras: Manual de Identificação e Cultivo de Plantas Arbóreas Nativas do Brasil. Alkaloid distribution in seeds of Ormosia, Pericopsis and Haplormosia. ![]() Potentially defensive proteins in mature seeds of 59 species of tropical leguminosae. Seed-eaters versus seed size, number, toxicity and dispersal. Frugivory and the importance of seeds in the diet of the orange-rumped agouti ( Dasyprocta leporina) in French Guiana. Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation. Seed dispersal of mimetic seeds: parasitism, mutualism, aposematism or exaptation? pp. Dispersal of mimetic seeds of three species of Ormosia (Leguminosae). Seed removal and seed fate in Gustavia superba (Lecythidacea). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.įorget, P.-M. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals: A Field Guide. Toxicity in fleshy fruits-a non-adaptive trait. The fruits the agouti ate: Hymenaea courbaril seed fate when its disperser is absent. Interspecific patterns of defense mechanisms are discussed in terms of current theories of plant apparency, and an alternative model for the evolution of plant defenses is presented.Asquith, N. The temporal appearance of young leaves was not correlated with the distribution of herbivory among individuals of a species. Although young leaves are more nutritious and less tough and fibrous, they have two to three times the concentrations of phenols. In 70% of the species, young leaves suffered higher damage levels than mature leaves. Gap-colonizers did not escape discovery by herbivores to any greater extent than shade-tolerant species, as measured by the spatial distribution of plants or by the intraspecific distribution of herbivore damage under natural or experimentally manipulated conditions. Gap-colonizers have less tough leaves, lower concentrations of fiber and phenolics, higher levels of nitrogen and water, shorter leaf lifetimes, and faster growth rates than do shade-tolerant species. Mature leaves of gap-colonizing species were grazed six times more rapidly than leaves of shade-tolerant species. ![]() Phenol content and phenol: protein ratios were not significantly correlated with damage. Leaf toughness was most highly correlated with levels of herbivory, followed by fiber content and nutritive value. Leaf properties such as pubescence, toughness, water, protein, fiber, and phenolic contents explained over 70% of the variation among plant species in the rates of herbivory on mature leaves. Grazing rates were determined in the field for sample periods in the early wet, late wet, and dry seasons. Rates of herbivory and defensive characteristics of young and mature leaves were measured for saplings of 46 canopy tree species in a lowland tropical rain forest (Barro Colorado Island, Panama).
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